https://summaryshelf.app/authors/michelle-alexander/Recent content in Michelle Alexander on SummaryShelfHugoen-usFri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://summaryshelf.app/new-jim-crow/Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://summaryshelf.app/new-jim-crow/<p>America didn&rsquo;t end racial caste; it redesigned it. Mass incarceration is the latest version of a system of control that runs through slavery and Jim Crow, and it works in three moves. The War on Drugs supplies the arrests, plea deals supply the convictions, and the felony label then legally strips people of work, housing, benefits, and the vote for the rest of their lives. What makes this version so durable is that it operates in colorblind language, which renders it nearly invisible and politically untouchable.</p>